490 research outputs found
A Novel Power-Band based Data Segmentation Method for Enhancing Meter Phase and Transformer-Meter Pairing Identification
This paper presents a novel power-band-based data segmentation (PBDS) method
to enhance the identification of meter phase and meter-transformer pairing.
Meters that share the same transformer or are on the same phase typically
exhibit strongly correlated voltage profiles. However, under high power
consumption, there can be significant voltage drops along the line connecting a
customer to the distribution transformer. These voltage drops significantly
decrease the correlations among meters on the same phase or supplied by the
same transformer, resulting in high misidentification rates. To address this
issue, we propose using power bands to select highly correlated voltage
segments for computing correlations, rather than relying solely on correlations
computed from the entire voltage waveforms. The algorithm's performance is
assessed by conducting tests using data gathered from 13 utility feeders. To
ensure the credibility of the identification results, utility engineers conduct
field verification for all 13 feeders. The verification results unequivocally
demonstrate that the proposed algorithm surpasses existing methods in both
accuracy and robustness.Comment: Submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. arXiv admin
note: text overlap with arXiv:2111.1050
Projections of structure functions in a spin-one hadrons
There exist new polarized structure functions in a spin-one hadron. In deep
inelastic electron scattering from a spin-one hadron, there are eight structure
functions F_1, F_2, g_1, g_2, b_1, b_2, b_3, and b_4. We derive projections to
these eight functions from the hadron tensor W^{mu nu} by combinations of the
hadron momentum and its polarization vectors.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX, 4 eps files, submitted for publicatio
An Iterative Bidirectional Gradient Boosting Algorithm for CVR Baseline Estimation
This paper presents a novel iterative, bidirectional, gradient boosting
(bidirectional-GB) algorithm for estimating the baseline of the Conservation
Voltage Reduction (CVR) program. We define the CVR baseline as the load profile
during the CVR period if the substation voltage is not lowered. The proposed
algorithm consists of two key steps: selection of similar days and iterative
bidirectional-GB training. In the first step, pre- and post-event temperature
profiles of the targeted CVR day are used to select similar days from
historical non-CVR days. In the second step, the pre-event and post-event
similar days are used to train two GBMs iteratively: a forward-GBM and a
backward-GBM. After each iteration, the two generated CVR baselines are
reconciled and only the first and the last points on the reconciled baseline
are kept. The iteration repeats until all CVR baseline points are generated. We
tested two gradient boosting methods (i.e., GBM and LighGBM) with two data
resolutions (i.e., 15- and 30-minute). The results demonstrate that both the
accuracy and performance of the algorithm are satisfactory.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figures, 2 table
MultiLoad-GAN: A GAN-Based Synthetic Load Group Generation Method Considering Spatial-Temporal Correlations
This paper presents a deep-learning framework, Multi-load Generative
Adversarial Network (MultiLoad-GAN), for generating a group of load profiles in
one shot. The main contribution of MultiLoad-GAN is the capture of
spatial-temporal correlations among a group of loads to enable the generation
of realistic synthetic load profiles in large quantity for meeting the emerging
need in distribution system planning. The novelty and uniqueness of the
MultiLoad-GAN framework are three-fold. First, it generates a group of load
profiles bearing realistic spatial-temporal correlations in one shot. Second,
two complementary metrics for evaluating realisticness of generated load
profiles are developed: statistics metrics based on domain knowledge and a
deep-learning classifier for comparing high-level features. Third, to tackle
data scarcity, a novel iterative data augmentation mechanism is developed to
generate training samples for enhancing the training of both the classifier and
the MultiLoad-GAN model. Simulation results show that MultiLoad-GAN outperforms
state-of-the-art approaches in realisticness, computational efficiency, and
robustness. With little finetuning, the MultiLoad-GAN approach can be readily
extended to generate a group of load or PV profiles for a feeder, a substation,
or a service area.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Smart Gri
Changes in the Economy and Ecology at Proposed Lake Sites in the Salt River Basin, Kentucky, During Early Construction of the Dam for Taylorsville Lake
This is an extension of the work reported in Project numbers B-005-KY, B-016-KY, and B-022-KY that extended from 1 July 1968 through 30 June 1972. Permanent collecting stations have been established at 67 sites throughout the Salt River, Beech Fork, and Chaplin River drainages. Turbidities increases quickly as flow and runoff increase, and subside quickly when the rain stops. Suspended solids range up to 1,700 mg/l in high turbidities and vary considerably as a result of local spates. Water chemistry generally reflects the limestone nature of the substrate and physico-chemical characteristics of a typically healthy limestone stream. Bottom organisms are abundant and diverse, more than 300 different benthic organisms have been identified to date
White matter injury predicts disrupted functional connectivity and microstructure in very preterm born neonates
© 2018 The Authors Objective: To determine whether the spatial extent and location of early-identified punctate white matter injury (WMI) is associated with regionally-specific disruptions in thalamocortical-connectivity in very-preterm born neonates. Methods: 37 very-preterm born neonates (median gestational age: 28.1 weeks; interquartile range [IQR]: 27–30) underwent early MRI (median age 32.9 weeks; IQR: 32–35), and WMI was identified in 13 (35%) neonates. Structural T1-weighted, resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI, n = 34) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI, n = 31) sequences were acquired using 3 T-MRI. A probabilistic map of WMI was developed for the 13 neonates demonstrating brain injury. A neonatal atlas was applied to the WMI maps, rs-fMRI and DTI analyses to extract volumetric, functional and microstructural data from regionally-specific brain areas. Associations of thalamocortical-network strength and alterations in fractional anisotropy (FA, a measure of white-matter microstructure) with WMI volume were assessed in general linear models, adjusting for age at scan and cerebral volumes. Results: WMI volume in the superior (β = −0.007; p =.02) and posterior corona radiata (β = −0.01; p =.01), posterior thalamic radiations (β = −0.01; p =.005) and superior longitudinal fasciculus (β = −0.02; p =.001) was associated with reduced connectivity strength between thalamus and parietal resting-state networks. WMI volume in the left (β = −0.02; p =.02) and right superior corona radiata (β = −0.03; p =.008), left posterior corona radiata (β = −0.03; p =.01), corpus callosum (β = −0.11; p \u3c.0001) and right superior longitudinal fasciculus (β = −0.02; p =.02) was associated with functional connectivity strength between thalamic and sensorimotor networks. Increased WMI volume was also associated with decreased FA values in the corpus callosum (β = −0.004, p =.015). Conclusions: Regionally-specific alterations in early functional and structural network complexity resulting from WMI may underlie impaired outcomes
What are the effects of nature conservation on human well-being? A systematic map of empirical evidence from developing countries
This is the final version of the article. Available from BioMed Central via the DOI in this record.Background: Global policy initiatives and international conservation organizations have sought to emphasize and strengthen the link between the conservation of natural ecosystems and human development. While many indices have been developed to measure various social outcomes to conservation interventions, the quantity and strength of evidence to support the effects, both positive and negative, of conservation on different dimensions of human well-being, remain unclear, dispersed and inconsistent. Methods: We searched 11 academic citation databases, two search engines and 30 organisational websites for relevant articles using search terms tested with a library of 20 relevant articles. Key informants were contacted with requests for articles and possible sources of evidence. Articles were screened for relevance against predefined inclusion criteria at title, abstract and full text levels according to a published protocol. Included articles were coded using a questionnaire. A critical appraisal of eight systematic reviews was conducted to assess the reliability of methods and confidence in study findings. A visual matrix of the occurrence and extent of existing evidence was also produced. Results: A total of 1043 articles were included in the systematic map database. Included articles measured effects across eight nature conservation-related intervention and ten human well-being related outcome categories. Linkages between interventions and outcomes with high occurrence of evidence include resource management interventions, such as fisheries and forestry, and economic and material outcomes. Over 25 % of included articles examined linkages between protected areas and aspects of economic well-being. Fewer than 2 % of articles evaluated human health outcomes. Robust study designs were limited with less than 9 % of articles using quantitative approaches to evaluate causal effects of interventions. Over 700 articles occurred in forest biomes with less than 50 articles in deserts or mangroves, combined. Conclusions: The evidence base is growing on conservation-human well-being linkages, but biases in the extent and robustness of articles on key linkages persist. Priorities for systematic review, include linkages between marine resource management and economic/material well-being outcomes; and protected areas and governance outcomes. Greater and more robust evidence is needed for many established interventions to better understand synergies and trade-offs between interventions, in particular those that are emerging or contested.This study was made possible by a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to Conservation International (Grant No. 3519). This research was conducted by the Evidence-based Conservation Working Group and financially supported in part by SNAP: Science for Nature and People, a collaboration of The Nature Conservancy, the Wildlife Conservation Society and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
Examining affective-motivational dynamics and behavioral implications within the interpersonal context of pain
Emotional, motivational, and interpersonal dimensions are considered integral to pain experience but have largely been examined separately. In this focus article, we argue that an integrative theoretical account that acknowledges each of these elements is a critical next step to capture the complexity and nuance of interpersonal pain dynamics and to shape future research. The aim of this focus article is to provide a foundation for such an account by drawing upon established insights from appraisal theory of emotion, influential behavioral models, empathy/interpersonal pain research, and social psychology literature to highlight conceptual relationships, potential mechanisms of action, and avenues of inquiry that have not previously been examined in the context of pain. Specifically, we highlight the interpersonal nature of pain and the conceptual relationship between emotion and motivation in pain experience. We discuss an affective-motivational tension between self- and other-oriented goals that can arise within the interpersonal pain context, and how such dynamics may affect the nature and effectiveness of care giving behavior. We then describe the role of emotion regulation and strategies that may facilitate optimal interpersonal pain dynamics and caregiving within a multiple goal context. Finally, we outline a foundation for an integrative theoretical model and directions for future research. Perspective: Drawing upon insights from appraisal theory of emotion, empathy/interpersonal pain research, influential behavioral models, and social psychology literature, this focus article provides a foundation for an integrative affective-motivational account of interpersonal pain dynamics as a basis for theoretical and clinical advancement. (C) 2017 by the American Pain Societ
Ethical issues, research and vulnerability : gaining the views of children and young people in residential care
Children and young people in residential care are some of the most vulnerable in our society. They may have experienced violence and physical, sexual or emotional abuse. They may be involved in offending or the misuse of drugs and alcohol. They are separated from their families and have to cope with living in a group situation with other young people and staff members. Children and young people in residential care also possess strengths, competencies and resilience. We have much to learn from their experiences and perspectives, both generally and surrounding their time in care. This paper will address the ethical issues which arise from gaining the views of children and young people in residential care, drawing on the experience of carrying out three studies in particular (Kendrick et al. 2004, The development of a residential unit working with sexually aggressive young men. In: H.G. Eriksson and T. Tjelflaat, eds. Residential care: horizons for the new century. Aldershot: Ashgate, 38-55; Docherty et al. 2006, Designing with care: interior design and residential child care. Farm7 and SIRCC. http://www.sircc.strath.ac.uk/publications/Designing_with_Care.pdf; Steckley, L. and Kendrick, A., 2005. Physical restraint in residential child care: the experiences of young people and residential workers. Childhoods 2005: Children and Youth in Emerging and Transforming Societies, University of Oslo, Norway, 29 June-3 July 2005, Steckley and Kendrick 2007, Young people's experiences of physical restraint in residential care: subtlety and complexity in policy and practice. In: M. Nunno, L. Bullard and D. Day, eds. For our own safety: examining the safety of high-risk interventions for children and young people. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America, forthcoming). The paper will discuss: information, consent and choice about involvement in the research; confidentiality, privacy and safety. It will also explore some of the more complex issues of ethical good practice which arise from researching children in their own living space. The negotiation of children's time and space must be approached carefully, with consideration of their rights and wishes. Sensitivity to children and young people's priorities and preoccupations must be paramount
Comparative Long-term Adverse Effects Elicited by Invasive Group B and C Meningococcal Infections
No vaccine is universally active against serogroup B meningococci. A theoretical concern that serogroup B capsular polysaccharide may induce autoimmunity hampers vaccine development. We studied long-term complications in 120 survivors of meningococcal disease. No evidence of increased autoimmune, neurological, or psychiatric disease was noted
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